Gel Filtration

Gel filtration is also named molecular sieve chromatography for the reason that the gel has network structures for small molecules to enter its interior, while macromolecules are debarred from the outside. Hence, when a mixed solution is about to flow through a gel column, the substances in it are separated by different molecular weight sieves.

Ion Exchange Chromatogram

Ion Exchange Chromatography is processed in a system led by an ion exchanger as the stationary phase and liquid as the mobile phase. Besides, ion exchangers are composed of a matrix, charge groups, and contra-ions. Reactions between ion exchangers and aqueous solutions or ionic compounds are mainly caused by ion exchange, or by ionic adsorption effects, or other ion compounds by charge groups on ion exchangers.

Adsorption Chromatogram

This can also be sorted into other three types.
1. Adsorption Column Chromatography
2. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
3. Polyamide Film Chromatography

Affinity Chromatogram (AFC)

According to the specificity affinity between the biomacromolecule and the ligand, this method attaches the ligand to the carrier as a stationary phase and combines the biomacromolecule with the ligand to realize separation.
Importantly, with high resolution, AFC is the most effective chromatographic separation technique.

Focusing Chromatogram

Different from other methods, its principle can be explained by the formation of a pH gradient solution, the behavior of protein, and focusing effects.